Monday, May 31, 2004
QUIZ QUIZ
A great many of us have come to think we are pretty good at problem solving, and we are very often the last to becoma aware of the fact that we didn't know the true nature of the problem at all, had we done so, we may not have taken such a puzzle at all.
Some puzzles come to us in the form of games. Others are of a much more serious nature, such as the one which confonts us right now, as a nation, to help the newly re-constitued state of Iraq to determine what a proper goverment might be to see them into a new era of prosperity and security.
There is a geographical quiz I find to be helpful: Can your name the six state captials which are located west of Los Angeles, California?
Let's see, now...two of them come to you right away as “freebies”, don’t they? Of of course, Hawaii that would be Honolulu. Then. the other is Alaska, and that’s Anchorage, Fairbanks or, certainly not Nome!. Could it be Sitka? Or, Juneau, of course, but some puzzlers might stumble around a bit making that choice.
So far. Not bad at all. Just four more to go.
Let's think"north" because the United States coastline sorta juts out into the Pacific ,doesn't it? One has to be Washington a state capital located further west than L.A and that would...er...that would be - uh Spokane, to far east, maybe?, Seattle, Tacoma? Given time you might think of Olympia.
Next, Oregon, just to the south seems to be logical choice. That, then, would be What? Portland? Eugene? Sooner or later someone will whisper,"Salem", as if not too sure, and be right.
At this point someone will risk all and go far out to choose Carson City, Nevada
wisely avoiding Reno, and Vegas. Then, the real puzzler of 'em all - the capital of the Golden State - Sacramento. No one said L.A. was a captial city if you think you have already accounted for that state.
Tally them up: Hawaii - Honolulu; Alaska -_Juneau; Washington - Olympia;
Oregon - Salem; Nevada - Carson City, and , finally, California - Sacramento. Was it as easy as you thought it was going to be?
Apply this same sort of gaming procedure to your ideas about choosing a proper government for the people of Iraq. Do we know enough about the who, where, what and why aspects of the people concerned, to make such a vital choicie on their behalf? I think not. Just because a specific form of government has served us well, does not mean it will work for them at all.
Our past records of achievement on successful govermental map-making has not been an impressive one. We have see partitioning of such nations as Poland tried, we have witnessed land handouts such as the Balfour readjustments which have resulted in our present-day Palestinianan-Israeli conflicts. We have seen many such arrangements as urged by indivudals; by states or group of states as well as the League of Nations and the present United Nation's polyglot political attempts to do so.
I read a quote form some Iraqi lesser-known official just this week who seemed to feel that the new goverment that will be best for Iraq's people will be a renovation and renewel rather than a totally new one. The best we can hope for is that some democratic principles might be incorprated within the new government.
A.L.M. May 31, 2004 [c558wds].
Sunday, May 30, 2004
HOPE REKINDLED
In recent years,I have become increasingly fearful that the enjoyment of the genteel art of fine music was disappearing from our culture.
I have lamented the strange mutations which have been taking place relentlessly in our musical heritage. I have, at times, stepping to, I'm sure, the very edge of overdoing it in these pages and elsewhere. Music is of special importance to me because I have been a part of the world of music since I was a youngster.
There are million of you out there who actually like the popular songs of today and there are those of us who are sure we remember when "it was better". That's keeping the situation on a friendly, civilized basis, and it has interested me because I have always been a part of the musical side of living since I was youngster.
In truth, I never knew any other way of life. I learned to read music before I could read regular books. Nothing fancy, of course, "elemertary Dr. Watson ", but, from the start I have been appreciative of many kinds of music. Grades..Levels..Specific types such as marches and massive presentations by brass bands of by massive pipe organs. Then, there would be ethnic variations- many of the very same songs in ethnic settings and instrumentals. Hula stuff, Latin-American,Russian, Hungarian, everybody's folk, C&W. swampy ,music from down river, plain old Hillbilly and on the present ear-span we have heard jazz give way to big band treatments, to glitzy,odd-titled groups spun off from the big bands, video versions and it oozed into the culturally surfaced forms called "rock" - some good, some otherwise...And yet, in my book all had purpose and intent...Something worthy. All,forms had value and purpose. I can't say "good" reasons - not that kind of purpose at all, but rather a sign of regeneration and growth from primitive basics.
A musical note in the news this very day from Dumbarton, Scotland has heartened me no end and given me a needed assurance that all is not lost and that, indeed music will endure for the foreseeable future. All is well with the general scope of musical talent world-wide as is evidenced by accounts of the latest Royal Scottish Pipe Band Association Championship competitions there last week. Bagpipers came in droves to drone and chant and And fill the Scottish air with sterling scurlings playing the only musical instrument I know of ever tob e declared illegal as a weapon of war. It waa forbidden after the Battle of Culloden.
The Scottish Bagpipe, an essential part of my musical heritage, does not stand forth as one of my prime favorites. I say that if people are flocking to pipe playing places in such impressive numbers - both oldsters and youthful newcomers - the general world of music is well off To those who, today, are saying that rock and rap have their place and the farther away the better; bagpipers have been accused of always walking as they play. Scoffers say it's because they are always trying to get away from all the noise.
So, we laugh at bagpipers; we scorn rap artists and acid rock groups...others,too...but the sounds from Scotland are signs for all of us to have healthy hopes for future harmony among our many factions.
A.L.M. May 29, 2004 [c540wds]
Saturday, May 29, 2004
WE SEE SO LITTLE
Ours is a large world.
It is big in many ways. It tends to minimize itself in the restrictive term we attempt to use to define and mark its dimensions. Other bodies in the Universe are large - much larger - but they are not so much alive and vibrant as Earth and yet we seem to remain unaware of the fact that it may well be it is the lives of those who people inhabit it, which gives it true length, breadth, width and depth and meaning.
Being large, then. We are tempted to enlarge our world even more, once we come to know its limitations. Even though we have not yet learned to deal properly with what we already have, we reach outward, upward, ever elseward, it seems - forever seeking other worlds to include in our system of living as we call it.
"Living" may or not, be the proper term to use, but that's what we tend to call those things we lump togther as a mish-mash of activities which strike us as being better than nothing at all.
And, all the while we actually are seldom aware of what we do or what it may mean to us or to our future or that of others we do not even know.
We are, even now, engaged in a series of manipulations we choose to call "an election." It is the contrived method whereby we are made to think we have elected - or chosen - that one person who is best suited to lead our nation for the next political division of Time called a "term."
Our task, like our world about us, is far larger and much more complex than we may ever have imagined it to be.
Just as we have had to take time to sit back and contemplate what it is we must do in order to gain the goals we have in mind. We must take time to consider the, political, spritual and social aspects of what it is we are attempting to do. Ever indication is that the relative success of our space program, thus far, has been due largely to the care we have taken in preparing the way. The space program has been fast in one sense of the word, but it has advanced only with carful, detailed and serious study consdering the consequences of any moment or setback or failure. It may be a wise thing for us to apply the same thinking to our military ventures.
It is not a simple program we seem to have taken upon our shoulders - this idea of assuring the rest of the world they can enjoy the same freedoms we think we enjoy. Just to think of modifying the nature of mankind to assure peace and plenty for all is a fearsome challenge. To bring about a permanent change along such lines is dauntless in its potentials for both good and bad are endless. The space program has been safer by being slow, sure and sensible. The world peace and satability program is even more demanding of each of us if such a status of perfection is to be thought of as essential to our state in the future.
Right now, during the remaining weeks and months of election, fervor is an especially danger period of time in which to make promises - to ourselves as well as to others - which we cannot keep. Easy does it. Lip locks can prevent many potential mishaps.
A.L.M. May 27, 2004 [c511wds]
Sunday, May 09, 2004
JUST ONE
In Luray, Virginia this past week, the man who has been the mayor of that community since 1984 had opposition . For the first and only time in two decades as Mayor, Ralph Dean faced opposition. He was challenged by incumbent councilwoman Nancy Shifflett, age 71, who entered into a vigorous campaign designed to “get out the vote/.”
She succeeded,
She got out the very one vote which enabled Mayor Dean to retain his comfortable seat as Mayor. An automatic re-count of all balloting is in place in that Virginia community, and, thus far, I have heard of no question being raised about the final total of votes in the recent election.
So, we can say - once again – say that it really does happen. People can be, and have been, elected to public office by a margin of just one vote.
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In fact all sorts of great decisions have been – according to published lists – have been said to have been made on a one vote majority. Studies show, however, that a goodly number of such statements are untrue. So many of them have proved to be false that one would be wise to reject all which cannot be proved to be accurate.
It is not true, for instance, that the Military Draft was saved “just a few days” before Pearl Harbor. The vote used was that of a sub- committee deciding if they would continue to discuss the draft and it occurred in August 1941 quite a few days before Pearl Harbor Day. Another has the State of Texas being admitted to the union by one vote. Not true.
It is also false to believe that Oliver Cromwell became the power he once was in England because of a one vote margin, or that several heads of various state have been rolled by one vote against them. .The list gets longer and longer and it is remarkable how ingenious some people have been to get around the points they wished to avoid to prove their claims. There was an elaborate one to show how Richard Nixon lost and John F. Kennedy won by a one per cent margin of every precinct in the nation, whatever such a chunk of figurers might prove.
It would seem to be wise for us to look into anything which claims to have come about though a one-vote margin. Mayor Ralph Dean , of Luray, Virginia, hold his title by good authority.
All others are suspect with me, until I learn how they came to be what they are said to be..
A.L.M. May 7, 2004 [c-459wds]
Saturday, May 08, 2004
FUSTEST WTTHOUT MOSTEST
How many men have become President of the United States without having the most popular votes? Who were they? How do the records compare for each of the major political parties?
And - what difference does it make, anyway?
We are rapidly approaching that time of the fourth year when the question will come up again, as it does with regularity The concept of the popular vote and of the Electoral College vote puzzle most Americans and it remains a worsening problem because we think about it for one week or less every four years.. I can remember how we used to get all worked up and in a sort of political lather and convinced that the Electoral College was a terrible thing. However, I had saved an auricle clipped from an old copy of “American Legion Magazine” which explained the EC business very well and I could pull that item out of the old file and be re-convinced that it was, indeed, a wonderful thing to have this Electoral College arrangement in place. We have recently downsized our living place and done away with the old four drawer file by dumping the accumulated contents into boxes. I have yet to find the resuscitating article, this years projected Electoral College set-to might see me go off the deep end.
Some fifteen candidates have become President of the United States without having a majority of the popular votes.. Actually, the total is eighteen because three of them did so twice each. Grover Cleveland, in 1884, did it and then skipped a term to 1892 to allow a one-time skipper Benjamin Harrison , to do it in 1882. Then, Woodrow Wilson did a duet-thing in 1912 and, more recently William Jefferson Clinton in l992 and 1986 I find it interesting that the popularity of both Wilson and Clinton improved a bit on their second elections.
Regardless of the manner in which these figures are set forth recrimination comes form all,sides. It starts as a series of discussions when no one is certain of exactly what they think and advance to the argument stage as the figures become to say opposite things to different people.
The lowers Pop-scorer was John Quincy Adams. He was chosen, by the House of Representatives over challenger Andrew Jackson who, oddly enough, had a plurality in both the electoral and popular votes but did not have a majority in the electoral college. J.Q.A rated a 29.8% on the pop scale; the next lowest was Abe Lincoln 1860 at 39.9%. At the top end of the spectrum the highest percentage was that recorded for John F, Kennedy in 1969 - 49.7%/
The overall count per party excludes John Q. Adams, as House chosen, and Zachary Taylor who was member of the Whig Party The Democratic party has had ten with three double-doers, and the Republican Party has had a total of six, with George W. Bush holding the title at the moment with a rating set at 47.8 in 2000. A.D.
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More... as reports come lagging in.
A.L.M. May 8, 2004 [c524wds]
Friday, May 07, 2004
TODAY'S YoUNG PEOPLE
Older people tend to forget they, too, were once young.
We take turns at bearing the label “ Youth” during which time we serve as specimens to be studied, examined, cross-examined,, tweaked, fine-tuned and adjusted as we are checked to see how we compare to those who have passed on to the next level of life's sometimes rather cruel regimen.
The common result of such judgment is far from kind. It is, all too often, a condemnation pointing out the way in which we think youth has changed.. We reflect on how “ we were at that age” and compare it all to the way youth appears to act today
I have long felt many of today's criticism of young people are improperly conceived. It is almost as if , while the basic game remains the same, the ground rules, the very nature of plays, and the variation in crowd acceptance of the results has been radically modified. There has been a complete transition from the way in which offspring grow from being children into becoming adults. And hurry! Be quick about it or be lost.
It's all a faster process today./ Society today seems to rush the process at every step. Young girls in their Middle School years, are often parentally paraded and urged to dress as adult women and to be skilled in purposeful use of cosmetic trickery far ahead of their years, Both boys and girls are expected to be qualified drivers of many types of powered vehicles even before they reach legals ages of doing so. As one result of that. they become individuals much earlier than they did at one time, and are eager to be on their own. And often unaware of he new responsibilities they have to assume. Economic conditions are such in modern times that parents find it commendable when sons and daughters want to pay their own way or the help with pressing family desires. The costs of education and medical care have skyrocketed out of sight and both children and parents find it to be difficult to aspire to even modest coverage. Sports scholarships are in far greater demand than academic assistance.
Education has changed far more than educators seem to realize. The very nature of the process of learning has been modified with the emergence of computer technology. our social mysterious is fought with problem's of how education may best be fitted to the special needs of youth today, but it remains for many educational entities to realize what has taken place. They are coming around to provide the youthful scholar needed facilities and new goals to provide works for a labor market which has changed spectroscopically-offering a far greater world of opportunity than any which has ever gone before.
Young people. The game remains the same in one sense. but the rules governing how is might best be done are yours to discover. Good luck
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A.L.M. May 4, 2004 [c481wds]
STUBBORN HOLDVERS
You may well have noticed a few of them in your own special field of interest, as well as in political and business affairs we share - persistent points of potential action which , while they have been in place for some time, simply refuse to go away.
One such story awaiting ignition is that which sees Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton springing forth ready to become the savior of the Democratic Party when it appears evident that the
Democratic National Convention, meeting in Boston within a few weeks, may find it difficult to support Senator John Kerry as the party's official banner waver this time around.
The H. Clinton move, of course, depends on how the Kerry “Bloody Shirt” campaign gets along. He insists on going back and again his rather lackluster military career as the main area of comparison with incumbent George Bush's National Guard participation. Kerry's efforts have not been received with any great enthusiasm. I don't think the American people have been as distrubed by revelations concerning Kerry's past as much asd they were expected to do by Republican party planners./ Such things have to be extreme now-a-days to shock average Americns hardened to such things by history and television treatment thereof. If it all depended on the remarkably severe broad-axe job C-Span aired early this week concerning John Kerry's wartime role. Either insufficient numbers viewed the hour long condemnation of just about everything Senator Kerry has allowed to be published concerning his dramatic four-months of heroic battle action. All of the participants = every one of them-officers and enlisted men – were member of the the very same “Strike Boat” crews in which John Kerry served and their condemnation was strikingly severe.
Any Boston-bound Democratic leader who saw that C-Span telecast by U.S.Navy Strike Boat personnel, each of whom had served at least a full year of duty, must be having some serious second thoughts about naming Kerry as their symbol of the typical wounded American hero
Another pesky idea which is hanging around/
What if candidate John Kerry shifts back to insisting that he was right when he led war protesters after he returned from Viet Nam? As and all=out “Peace” candidate, he might make it, if he can make skillful use and misuse of the present Iraqi prison scnadal and other anti-war clusters now plaguing George W. Bush.
Other such ideas which won't go away include: Will Michael Jakson go free? How many years wiil Martha Stewart be imprisoned? Several murder trials will decide if “he” did it or not or not.. In London, England it will continue to be illegal for one to feed the pigeons in Trafalgar Square making one subject to arrest for doing so. In style:”Pencil skirts”are in this year.
A.L.M. May 5, 2004 [c472ds]
Thursday, May 06, 2004
WHY, OH WHY?
Every time we have national election I find myself wondering what would ever make a man want to be President of the United States of America.
There must be a reason and behind it all, I realize/ which has something to do with a type of personal egotism at its ultimate points.. I can't imagine anyone being that sure of himself or so unthinking of the merits of others. Any individual who gets the idea will also finds himself, or herself, able to “tune out” any questioning views and to view them as weaknesses. Certainly there are few individuals = very few- who could look at themselves and always make a positive evaluation as to their worthiness to take on such a demanding task.
It may well, of course, that it has less to do with one's self-knowledge and much to do with respect for the judgment and opinion of others. A mentor such as a mother, wife, a revered father or grandfather or other relative, family traditions which favors the political life, -possibly might play a major role in urging the prospective candidate forward in spite of any temporary misgivings along the way. Such factors nay well cause the aspirant to see many things other than what .they might prove to be, or become, in reality. The individual may be the last to see such things as flaws in any comprehensive plan and to view them. Rather, as challenges
Much of this this, of course, is readily explained away by saying that the candidate will be representing his political party's views, standards,, idea and ideals – plus a few quirks here and there - other than his own, individual and, sometimes very personal, even privately-held views. The willingness to be subservient to such machinations will continue to puzzle me. How many of our political leaders at what levels live such a patterne. Some may be following a political pattern long isnce obsolete which others may be dreaming of unlikely developments to justify their thinking, Emulation can be a fine thing, i some circumstance's,but not in all situations. I would think a potential president might might well be aware of of how some little mis-step of the past could bring the future down in humiliating ruin.
I can see how it is natural that an incumbent president might wish to stay where he is, but anyone seeking the oval office job faces some very real charaxteruestionof character.. Why does he wish to win/? Different reasons are suggested.” I am against big government.” “ I am against whatever the incumbent favors/”. Such statements are sometimes “rifled” to specific voter targets while others are best “shotgunned” in a more general sense. Much of such verbal fire splatters into meaningless special effects decoration.
If you want to be our president you might well refrain from asking yourself why you wish to do so. It's a job few man would aspire to if they looked at the harsh realities to be overcome in getting there and, even more, in fulfilling the assigned as well as the unassigned -tasks which you have never even thought about, which will become yours while you are there.
A.L.M. May 3, 2004 [c540wds]
Monday, May 03, 2004
BORED OF EDUCATION
There are at least four levels at which many school systems are found to be sluggish, inefficient and seen to be lagging behind national averages.
So often, sheer boredom lurks in the lagging system which is damaging our educational objectives in many ways, It grinds out graduates who are poorly equipped to face the actual needs of the world they step into; it steadily looses skilled and experienced teachers to other occupational fields and discourages new talent from entering the teaching profession. At the very top we often find it is governed by men and women who see it as a mere appendage to their overall political intent. Often party biased and cared for by people who have only a slight idea of what is required of them, it also seems to make little different if they are “elected” or “selected”.
I would seem to be time to re-evaluate what is expected of members of the teaching profession, school management and maintenance and governing bodies, those who develop, plan and activate circular's at all levels and yes, of the students themselves, as well.
Weak system rely greatly on criticism of students and parents in the system as they get into trouble student are depicted as being especially undisciplined at home, as being slothful in their or being victims of TV or game-gear excess, of parental neglect. The first people to hit the fan when proposed undertakings at started are the teachers, rather than the kids. The teacher view changes as an increase of their work hours and intensity. They deride the plan from the start, or fulfill new requirements in a cursory manner for what ever time it takes to kill the whole thing.
There was a time when communities took great pride in and honored their teachers and alloted them a special place in community affairs, but that era has long since ceased to be valid. Teaching today is, to many, about the same as anyone taking a job at the local factory assembly line not yet farmed out to Mexico, or at the local poultry plucking plant. Young people are no longer even tempted to be interested in becoming a teacher. Salary scales have advanced steadily because one of the primary ways those bored of education deal with a crisis is to stand back and throw money at it.
If you live in an area where school board members are “elected”, you know how cursory voter's knowledge of those nominated can be. A few ads in the local paper, maybe a glitzy, one-time ad on TV, and that's about it. The elected board member may just as well have been appointed by the groups which placed his or her name in nomination and they are often the very ones who expect and receive anticipated results or else.
But, don't get me wrong. Don't run on ahead of me and see trouble where it does not, as yet, exist.
There are still good, functioning school boards and systems, but evidence seems to be piling up which tells us they may not be around much longer. Let's re-create the world of teaching as a strong, interesting field which can be inviting, challenging for the young. Present day standards of colleges teaching teachers to teach are dismal, at best – even difficult to find at all. Worse than that, “ed” courses of study are dull - they are, purposely dulled down to increased teacher-turnout. The dullness carries over over to make the students think of them a waste of both time and money. When you talk of ”education”, you are speaking of our own tomorrow. Let's make it a brighter time.
A.L.M. May 2, 2004 [c625wds]
Sunday, May 02, 2004
CAN'T BE DONE!
The truly innovative concept deals with that which is said to be impossible,
In my view, all things are possible. Just because no one has, as yet, come upon the right combination of things to bring the advancement about, does not mean that it is forever obscured and beyond mankind's ken. Some where, and at some time in the future, some one individual will realize what is needed to bring the idea forth as a much needed and highly desired item. It can be anyone. It could be you.
When we take time to delve into the maze we call history, we often -with hindsight ? find that the great invention came about because there was a need for the item and what it could do. Some one person, or a group of learned men and women, studied the problems associated with the need and failed miserably in their attempts to find the answer, Then, following, perhaps, less academic paths of questing, someone else has hit upon the proper means of doing the thing, seemingly by chance or by accident, and of doing it well.
This procedure may take place over generations of time. The project can be flubbed time and again and even considered to be thews impossible things which accumulate in man's mind as a major barrier to to his progress.
Our immediate future is a paradise of potential. The greatest inventions of all are yet to be made. Our is a remarkable free society and allows individuals and thinking groups of people groups of men and women to consider ideas which have never before been on the workshop tables of inventive persons.
Our needs, today, are multiple in spite our obvious material wealth Our objective are not always clear but cause man's mind is shrill subject to corroding accumulations of narrow bigotry and ignorance which forever hold him back when he seeks to step ahead. There a social need to be met,by some new procedure of management of human desires and ambitions. We are told we are on the very edge of using up our fossil fuel stocks and a frigid future seems to be our fate, but there are inventions yet to be found which , I think, and , can be and will be solved. The invention on the scene this week is that which is called :Google" and at this a weeks ceremonies making it a stock market entity .will, in moments, make the two young inventors thereof billionaires by money standards. The world is already
been made richer because of the complex and ever increasing nature of their invention. The world has been ?googleized? by this invention and learning, education, and the accumulated fund of all of man's findings is nonviable to all people world wide. Knowledge is now the personal possession of millions of people thworld over who have never had such even a small encyclopedia of man's knowledge and attainment to use in their lives,
Think about this, young people. of 2004! Where do you fit into all of this? What do you find the world needs right now which it does not have? Even if your reply comes out as being silly go with it! Take it as yours.,. work with it and make it available to others. The world needs a good laugh now and then, too. If you can be good at that - go for it. Go all the way!
A.L.M. May 1, 2004 [c549wds]
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Saturday, May 01, 2004
A LA
The largest mosque in all of France - located at Venissieux - is now without it's chief cleric. The French government expelled him last week for advocating wife beating.
The cleric Abdelkader Boarziane, got the French boot from his pulpit because :”the government cannot tolerate statements of views that are contrary to human rights, attack the dignity of women and call for hate and violence,.”
Abdell was the fifth Islamic religious leader to be kicked out of France which would make it appear that, if that five month average holds, we can expect the next six or seven will automatically be axed. The total number of Islamic clergy busted and sent packing is in the dozens and it has long been evident that such charges as “:wife beating instructions” delivered from the pulpit is not the only reason for the expulsions. The real cause of the increasing number of such expulsions is hidden somewhere in the news reports alluding to “other medieval Islamic views at odds with the principles of the modern French state,” The latest incident which sent Abdell home is yet another indication that France is going to have to take a stern stand against radical Islamic infections. Sooner or later they are going to be forced to stand up and be counted among those of us who feel it best to combat such sneaky invasions of the homelands.
The growth of Muslim population in France has been steady and concern has been voiced frequency concerning freedoms they may enjoy.The latest figure, aged 52, was sent back to Algeria where he came from, and whee he is said to have strong ties to terrorist groups.
There is no indication concerning what or where Abdell Bouziane's next pulpit assignment may be/ He is now qualified by active experience in working in one of the French hotbeds of a number of violent militant incubations in past years - the area east of Lyon - the second most densely populated working-class centers in all of France.
France may well expect terrorist attacks if they continue to insist on Muslim clerics to cease instructing local males how and when to beat their wives and to cease “making expressions in public concerning views which might prove to be contrary to those of the nation”/
Watch what happens in France in the next six months or so. The increasing cost to the public for free plane tickets to send Muslim clerics back to where they came from is going to disturb some Frenchmen sooner or later and perhaps awaken them, and others, to what is going on about them in the real world.
A..L.M. April 30, 2004 [c489wds]
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